The power of contextual housing development

Go to any fast-growing neighborhood in a U.S. city, and you’re sure to find them: bland, boxy and downright boring apartments and housing developments, with a seemingly endless sea of flat windows and colored panels. These types of new developments — jokingly referred to as McUrbanism, fast-casual architecture, even Minecraftsman — fail by repetition. In search of affordability and ease, they lean into solutions that apply the logic of speed and simplicity to a project, plastering a sense of sameness onto a vibrant city street.

To create buildings and homes that truly reflect the diversity of different neighborhoods, housing developers and architects should stop applying design formulas and instead react and respond to each street and site. Our design philosophy for housing needs to be less about repetition and more about echoing the community context with an approach based on urban design.

To bring forward design that actually enhances the existing community, you must really understand a place. Modern design today should be about customization and clarity and a balance of scale and texture. It’s not forcing a single vision or approach. More than an aesthetic improvement, it’s about creating more value for the development team and a mixed-use project that aligns with the neighborhood and its residents.

A current LPA project in Boise, Idaho, exemplifies the benefits of this kind of approach. Within a master-planned suburban area, one that might stereotypically be filled with carbon-copy housing, we’re designing compact, five-story residential mid-rise developments surrounding a large landscape and park. By creating an open town square, the layout adds a sense of place within the development, focused on creating a true urban village that balances private and public space. Intelligent, efficient design of the units and density allows for focus and investment in a shared amenity that makes every home feel singular and makes every resident’s experience more socially connected. Activating the public realm, with shared space as well as office and retail, activates community

Focusing on these elements doesn’t merely improve livability. Done right, they can help create density and efficiency, minimizing the overall footprint and opening up space for features that, like the Boise town center, benefit the community.

In addition, this approach picks up on neighborhood context and focuses on vernacular design. Contextual facades, windows and outdoor spaces, such as vertical gardens and rooftop patios, can visually complement surrounding structures, especially with artful variation. Such features also take advantage of the environment, providing comfort for residents by maximizing access to daylighting, shade and breezes.

This approach of echoing and enhancing the neighborhood fabric also builds more sustainable communities. Time-tested vernacular approaches offer energy-efficiency benefits. Smart design can also standardize indoor aspects, like kitchens and bathrooms, which add incredible economies of scale to a project. Systematizing some of the core designs of a project allows for centralized high-performance energy systems, including water and fully electrified homes, which cut down on emissions and indoor air pollution. There can be a good kind of repetition, one that standardizes products and construction processes to allow more investment and flexibility on the more social aspects of a project.

Sustainability can be a bridge between environmental and energy goals and the larger vision of creating a more shared community; they all contribute to a healthier environment. Adding outdoor areas preserves rooftops for solar panels, and efficient land use means more shared green space, walkable neighborhoods and outlets for socializing.

This level of design and intent should never be seen as a luxury. Every neighborhood is unique and, by definition, demands a unique approach via principled planning. And every project, before it’s built, always spends time in the public eye, being judged by a community keen to find a good neighbor focused on community-building, not commoditization.

Given that most urban projects are infill rather than greenfield development, sensitive design is key to reflecting the context and culture of each neighborhood. It reacts to the elements and local climate in a more sustainable, sensible way. Contextual, adaptive design isn’t about spending more or having a less transformative vision. With design elements and façades that reflect and complement the environment, it’s more about creating real value. Projects focused on placemaking and elevating a site get expedited … and embraced by the community.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR 
Matthew Porreca, AIA, LEED AP BD+C, NCARB, Design Director with LPA Inc., has more than 25 years of experience leading integrated design teams that have produced award-winning, high-performance buildings. As design director, Matthew emphasizes a collaborative approach that looks for innovative solutions to complex issues. He leads design charrettes, facilitates discussions with the core team and stakeholders, and helps establish the design direction for the project. His expertise extends to functional design, technical integration, use of innovative materials, long-range scheduling and overall project management. 

Matthew’s influence can be found on large-scale office and civic projects around the country, including intricate corporate campuses and iconic museum and performing arts facilities. On every project, he looks for innovative ways to develop better performing buildings with healthier environments. He has led the design of several net-zero projects and won awards for his efforts to develop buildings that save energy through passive and natural strategies.

Matthew was the founding co-chair of the Living Building Collaborative in San Diego.